MEDIA COVERAGE: BETWEEN "JOURNALISM ...THE FIRST ROUGH DRAFT OF HISTORY.” AND "JOURNALISM’S FIRST OBLIGATION IS TO THE TRUTH"
EIGHT BROAD ACCOUNTS ABOUT ABOUT LEKKI
By Amaso Jack
(…. please if you will not read to the end don't read at all)
Wednesday November 25, 2020
EVIDENCE OF ELEVEN VIDEOS:
1 Oluwaseyitan Omatsola Atigarin of Arise TV
2 Bukola Samuel-Wemimo on TVC's FIREWORKS
3 Bukola Samuel-Wemimo on TVC's FIREWORKS
4 TVC: Muslim prayers at Lekki and Alausa
5 EPHRAIM'S EVIDENCE by BBC's Mayeni Jones
6 CNN's second video of November 24, 2020
7 CNN's First video of November 19, 2020
8 Video by Channels 1
9 Video by Channels 2 "Lekki Shooting: Army Admits Live, Blank Bullets Were Taken To Protest Venue"
10 Video by Channels 3
Updated November 21, 2020
11 Video by Channels 4
"Nigeria Army changes story admits taking live and blank bullets"
was the way Olumide Macauley of Channels put it
HISTORY A SACRED TRUST
History is the sacred trust , thrust upon the living to be held in trust by them for the unborn, on behalf of the dead….. LEKKI'S SHOOTINGS of today is tomorrow's history!
Truth is the sacred trust of history who first "FIRST ROUGH DRAFT" is journalism.
One of Gbemiga Oguleye's first assignments as Provost of The Nigerian Institute of Journalism, was to infuse the highest values in the subconscious of the young journalists, in training, his tactic was simple; place quotable quotes at different but "strategic" spots in the Institute, so they will be seen by all! one distinct quotable quote that made Ogunleye's shortlist (that caught the attention of this writer) was by the former President and Publisher of the Washington Post; Philip L. Graham, who said,
“JOURNALISM IS THE FIRST ROUGH DRAFT OF HISTORY.”
What you are about to read is the compilation of the first rough draft of ENDSARS October 20, 2020.
Part 5 will consist of the details listed here
THE EIGHT BROAD ACCOUNTS ABOUT ABOUT LEKKI
1 THE 21 MEDIA HOUSES.
2 THE 27 JOURNALISTS.
3 THE WITNESSES.
4 WITNESS AND VICTIM.
5 NAMED INFORMANT.
6 IDENTIFIED SECURITY MEN. CONNECTED WITH THE SHOOTING
7 INTERESTED PARTIES.
8 RELATED MEDIA AND DOCUMENTED ACCOUNTS….details in Part 5
BETWEEN CNN AND BRIGADIER TAIWO
….and Brigadier Taiwo released the latest version of the army's account!
Initially he said blanks were fired, but after CNN's investigative report revealed that life ammunition from Serbia, with EVIDENCE of purchase by the Nigeria Army between 2005 and 2016 ,was released, Taiwo "edited" his account, adding LIVE AMMUNITION to BLANKS, he initially claimed.
Jerrywright Ukwu, of Legit, the online news medium captured Taiwo's initial statement this way:
"Army to Lagos panel: Only blank bullets were fired at Lekki tollgate"
After CNN's disclosure by Stephanie Busari, Nima Elbagir, Gianluca Mezzofiore and Katie Polglase dated November 18, 2020 written under the titled:
"They pointed their guns at us and started shooting"
in which they wrote:
"CNN has examined bullet casings found at the scene and confirmed with current and former Nigerian military sources that the bullet casings match those used by the army. Two ballistics experts have also confirmed with CNN that the shape of the bullet casings indicate they used live rounds, which contradicts the army's claim they fired blanks
And working with the Balkan Investigative Reporting Network, CNN has established that several of the bullets from the Lekki toll gate originated from Serbia. Export documents CNN has seen show that Nigeria purchased weaponry from Serbia almost every year between 2005 and 2016."
Corroborating CNN's disclosure, Ivan Angelovski and Sasa Dragojlo of Balkan Insight, reported from Belgrade, on November 18, 2020, under the headline
"Serbian Bullets Used to Attack Unarmed Nigerian Protesters"
….provided the following details:
"Bullets manufactured in Serbia have been used by the Nigerian authorities in their lethal crackdown on unarmed protesters in the capital Lagos, an investigation has revealed……
(it added)
"Bullets manufactured in Serbia have been used by the Nigerian authorities in their lethal crackdown on unarmed protesters in the capital Lagos, an investigation has revealed.
Although Nigeria’s authorities have robustly denied involvement in the shooting dead of unarmed protesters in Lagos in October, a CNN investigation has proved the contrary, while the investigation to which BIRN also contributed reveals that some of the bullets fired on the protesters were made by Serbian arms manufacturers in 2005.
The investigation also showed that Nigeria is a long-time weapons purchaser from Serbia, buying arms from it almost every year between 2005 and 2018, BIRN can reveal.
In 2017 and 2018 alone, Serbia directly sold to Nigeria arms worth 6.6 million US dollars. Data obtained by BIRN shows that over the past 13 years, Serbian arms firms mainly sold ammunition and explosives."
Comparative observation:
CNN put the duration of arms purchase by the Nigerian army as being between 2005 and 2016.
BIRN put the duration of arms purchase as being between 2005 and 2018 at a cost of 6.6 million US dollars.
BALKAN INVESTIGATIVE REPORTING NETWORK (BIRN)
"BIRN, the Balkan Investigative Reporting Network, was established in 2004 as a network of non-governmental organisations promoting freedom of speech, human rights and democratic values in Southern and Eastern Europe.
BIRN has developed a specific network structure that includes local independent organisations, gathered around an umbrella organisation – Balkan Investigative Regional Reporting Network (BIRN Hub) – a structure that has the advantage of combining local, country-based expertise with unique regional cooperation…..BIRN has local organisations in Albania, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Kosovo, Macedonia, Romania and Serbia,"
With this overwhelming evidence, General Taiwo edited the narrative of the army to include LIVE AMMUNITION!
But Werigbelegha Zinaka, has a different opinion.
Tribune Online on November 23, 2020, wrote under the title:
"CCTV Footage has vindicated Nigerian Army of complicity in alleged Lekki shooting, says Human Rights Lawyer"
"Werigbelegha Zinaka has stated that the Nigerian Army has been vindicated of any wrong doing at the Lekki Tollgate incidence….“So it remains an illusion that the Nigerian Army committed massacre at the Lekki Tollgate. This is understandable given the role of fake news in the whole scenario. And ironically, those that were spreading all sorts from their comfort zones have refused to come to the panel to substantiate their claims.”
Werigbelegha Zinaka "is a lawyer, he is of the Rivers State University of Science and Technology, Nkpolu Port Harcourt".
Ifreke Inyang of Daily Post, summed it up in his November 3, 2020 account he titled'
"Lekki tollgate shooting: Cameras stopped working by 8pm, no audio – LCC makes revelations"
LIGHTS OUT AT THE TOLL GATE
Fikayo Olowolagba of Daily Post in his November 3, 2020 account titled:
"Lekki shooting: Why lights went off at toll gate – LCC MD
….provided the following details
"LCC MD, Abayomi Omomuwa, while appearing at the Judicial Panel of Inquiry set up by the Lagos State Government to probe the Lekki shootings, said lights went off because its staff left the toll gate at 4:30pm and were not available at 7:30pm when the lights come on regularly…..It added that the company never received any instructions to switch off power or remove cameras."
LCC PRESS RELEASE
"LCC receives power from the IPP grid, the power albeit stable is taken off from time to time. At such times, LCC relies on the backup generators for power supply, however, following the declaration of the curfew by the state govern°, LCC withdrew ALL her staff from the office locations. This is the reason why the lights could not be restored when the mains from IPP went off temporarily. This is verifiable.”
DEAD BODIES FROM ENDSARS.
Adebayo Folorunsho-Francis of healthwise.punchng ,in his November 22, 2020 account titled:
"We’re not allowed to release bodies of #ENDSARS protesters -Mainland Hospital"
…. provided the following details
"“This is to notify the General Public that the Chief Coroner of Lagos State, Hon Justice M. A. Dada (Mrs.) pursuant to Section 15, Coroner’s System Law of Lagos State, 2015 the Pathology Team would want all those who have lost loved ones between 19th – 27th October 2020 (that is, next-of-kin of the victims) to provide relevant information that would assist the identification exercise.
“The next-of kin should kindly contact the Department of Pathology and Forensic Medicine, Lagos State University Teaching Hospital (LASUTH), Oba Akinjobi Way, Ikeja for the identification exercise of the Deceased.
“The next-of-kin will be required to provide means of identification of themselves and their loved ones.
“Only the parents, siblings or children, in that decreasing order of preference are expected to come to LASUTH."
LASUTH'S RESPONSE
Lara Adejoro, of healthwise.punchng in her November 22, 2020 account she titled:
"LASUTH'S RESPONSE
#ENDSARS victims: Relations’ desperate search from Police Station to hospital mortuaries"
…. provided the following details.
"LASUTH has nothing to do with corpses —CMD
Speaking with our correspondent, the Chief Medical Director of LASUTH, Prof. Adetokunbo Fabamwo, said the hospital did not have anything to do with the corpses."
EVIDENCE OF GUNSHOT INJURIES
Robert Egbe of The Nation, in his November 15, 2020 account, titled:
"#EndSARS protesters reveal 22 alleged Lekki shootings victims"
….provided the following details:
"Three #EndSARS protesters have disclosed the identities of 22 persons alleged to have suffered gunshot wounds during the October 20 shootings by the military and police at the Lekki Toll Gate."
EIGHT BROAD ACCOUNTS ABOUT ABOUT LEKKI:1
THE 20 MEDIA HOUSES ARE:
"JOURNALISM’S FIRST OBLIGATION IS TO THE TRUTH"
American Press Institute, has this insight:
"The elements of journalism
In their book The Elements of Journalism, Bill Kovach and Tom Rosenstiel identify the essential principles and practices of journalism.
Here are 10 elements common to good journalism, drawn from the book.
1 "Journalism’s first obligation is to the truth"
2 "Its first loyalty is to citizens"
3 "Its essence is a discipline of verification"
4 "Its practitioners must maintain an independence from those they cover"
5 "It must serve as an independent monitor of power"
6 "It must provide a forum for public criticism and compromise"
7 "It must strive to keep the significant interesting and relevant"
8 "It must keep the news comprehensive and proportional"
9 "Its practitioners must be allowed to exercise their personal conscience"
10 "Citizens, too, have rights and responsibilities when it comes to the news"
The media houses that covered Lekki are:
1 New York Times
2 Reuters
3 Arise TV.
4 Daily Post
5 The Punch
6 CNN
7 BBC
8 Premium Times
9 Channels TV
10 The Nation
11 Legit
12 TVC
13 Citizen News ng.com
14 Deutsche Welle (DW)
16 Thegeniusmedia.com (TgMedia)
17 Tribune online
18 Nairametrics
19 Lailas News.com
20 ABC News
21 Balkan Investigative Reporting Network
Did CNN meet American Press Institute's 10 point standards as defined by Bill Kovach and Tom Rosenstiel in their book
"The elements of journalism"?
Lai Mohammed, Nigeria's Information doesn't think so!
Friday Olokor, of The Punch, in his November 23, 2020, account, he titled:
"FG petitions CNN over Lekki shootings report"
Provided the following details:
"The Minister of Information and Culture, Lai Mohammed, stated this in his letter to Jonathan Hawkins, VP (Communications) in CNN Centre Atlanta, Georgia.
The letter dated November 23 2020 entitled ‘Re: How a bloody night of bullets quashed a young protest movement’, was obtained by THE PUNCH in Abuja on Monday.
The letter reads, “Our attention has been drawn to an ‘investigation’ by CNN, entitled ‘How a Bloody Night of Bullets Quashed a Young Protest Movement’ and aired on 18 Nov. 2020, in which the international news organization said it had ”uncovered that Nigerian security forces opened fire on unarmed protesters” at the Lekki Toll Gate in Lagos, Nigeria, during the #EndSARS protest.
“We write to put on record that the report did not just fall short of journalistic standards, it reinforces the disinformation that is going around on the issue, it is blatantly irresponsible and it is a poor piece of journalistic work by a reputable international news organization.
“In the first instance, the report did not live up to the most basic of the core principles of journalism – balance and fairness. According to the website www.ethics.journalists.org, ”balance and fairness are classic buzzwords of journalism ethics: In objective journalism, stories must be balanced in the sense of attempting to present all sides of a story. Fairness means that a journalist should strive for accuracy and truth in reporting, and not slant a story so a reader draws the reporter’s desired conclusion.”
BALANCE AND FAIRNESS?
Nima Elbagir on CNN's documentary, dated November 19, about 3 mins 17 seconds into the documented said:
"Nigerian military sources verified to us that these ammunition that are currently in use by Nigeria's army"
That is balance!
Nima Elbagir, Katie Polglase, Gianluca Mezzofiore, Stephanie Busari and Jennifer Hansler, all of CNN again on November 21, 2020 wrote
"The Nigerian army admitted on Saturday that soldiers were given both live and blank bullets when they were deployed to protests at Lekki toll gate on October 20. The admission seems to confirm a key finding of a CNN investigation into the shooting…..
"...Saturday's admission by Nigeria that live rounds were deployed is yet another in a series of constantly changing narratives as to what happened on October 20 at Lekki toll gate, where protesters had gathered to demonstrate against police brutality."
OTHER INVESTIGATIVE REPORTS
It is INSTRUCTIVE to note that the following media Organizations
1 Premium Times
2 BBC
3 New York Times
All carried out investigative reports and arrived at the same broad conclusions that people were killed!
Nicholas Ibekwe of Premium Times in his October 31, 2020, he titled:
"INVESTIGATION: Bullets, Blood & Death: Untold Story of what happened at Lekki Toll Gate"
...wrote:
"Piecing together details of on-the-ground reporting, credible information posted online by citizens, accounts by witnesses and victims as well as information obtained from top military sources, PREMIUM TIMES can now paint a clearer picture of what happened at the Lekki Toll Gate on October 20."
LEKKI SHOOTINGS FROM BBC
EPHRAIM'S EVIDENCE by BBC's Mayeni Jones
The details of the account by New York Times will be posted in BLOOD AT LEKKI: PART 5
To this may be added the position of the United States Government with the added advantage of their CIA!
Morgan Winsor, in his October 23, 2020 account in ABC News in which he made reference to T. ULRICH BRECHBUHL, U.S. Department of State counselor
…..wrote:
"Senior US delegation meets with Nigeria's vice president, after killing of #EndSARS protesters"
His report had the rider:
"Nigerian forces allegedly killed at least 12 peaceful protesters Tuesday night."
…...and it contained the following details:
U.S. Department of State counselor T. Ulrich Brechbuhl met with Nigerian Vice President Yemi Osinbajo in the capital of Abuja on Thursday to raise concerns about the ongoing violence, as widespread protests against police brutality grip Africa's most populous country.
The meeting was part of a previously scheduled delegation, which included top U.S. diplomats for human rights, Robert Destro, and for conflict stabilization, Denise Natali, according to State Department spokesperson Morgan Ortagus.
"The Counselor expressed the U.S. condemnation of the use of excessive force by military forces who fired on unarmed demonstrators in Lagos," Ortagus said in a statement Thursday night. "He expressed condolences to the victims of these shootings and urged the government of Nigeria to abide by its commitment to hold those responsible accountable under the law."
CRITICAL OBSERVATION:
Morgan Winsor, specifically wrote:
""The Counselor expressed the U.S. condemnation of the use of excessive force by military forces who fired on unarmed demonstrators in Lagos,"
THE CIA CONNECTION.
The position of the United States Government, would most likely have been based on reports based on the evidence of "US intelligence community experts on Nigeria," as we shall see
In his book,
"Inside The CIA"
Ronald Kessler provided Information on the 168th page of his 1992 book, published by Pocket books, about CIA's Directorate of Science and Technology this way:
"....the components of his directorate- Office of SIGINT Operations, which deploys sensors and intercepts communication; the Office of Technical Services, which develops spy equipment;"
Based on this information, CIA knew Buhari won 2003, 2007 and 2011 elections, but was rigged out by PDP,
The Fact of rigging were confirmed by
1 Ibrahim Mantu in an interview with Maope-Ogun-Yusuf of Channels
2 Junaid Mohammed
"Junaid Mohammed, a lawmaker during Nigeria's Second Republic, says former Vice-President Atiku Abubakar has masterminded election rigging since 1999, and as such has "no moral basis to complain of being rigged out".
Samson Toromade in his October 16, 2018 article in the online medium Pulse, he titled:
"Ex-US Ambassador says Buhari was rigged out of presidential election 3 times"
Provided these FACTS:
"A former United States Ambassador to Nigeria, John Campbell, has defended his assertion that President Muhammadu Buhari only lost the 2003, 2007 and 2011 presidential elections due to the rigging efforts of his opponents, insisting that he won the highest number of votes in those elections.
In "Nigeria: What Everyone Needs to Know", a book Campbell co-wrote with a former US intelligence community expert on Nigeria, Matthew Page, he claimed that Buhari was the presidential candidate who probably won the highest number of votes in the three elections but lost out due to rigging done by his opponents in power."
CRITICAL OBSERVATION:
If the CIA could provide information that Buhari won the 2003, 2007 and 2011 elections but was RIGGED OUT, the same CIA would have provided Information to the EFFECT that there was indeed a shooting and killing, and their Information must have been responsibile for these words:
"The Counselor expressed the U.S. condemnation of the use of excessive force by military forces who fired on unarmed demonstrators in Lagos,"
Mr Lai Mohammed, has not established his point beyond an opinion to the level of a FACT!
EIGHT BROAD ACCOUNTS ABOUT ABOUT LEKKI:2
THE 27 JOURNALISTS:
THE JOURNALIST ARE:
1 Oluwaseyitan Omatsola Atigarin Arise TV
2 Citizen Olabode of Citizen News ng.com
3 Becky Anderson of CNN
4 Damilola Banjo of BBC
5 Mayeni Jones of BBC
6 Stephanie Busari, CNN
7 Nima Elbagir CNN,
8 Gianluca Mezzofiore CNN
9 Katie Polglase CNN
10 Nicholas Ibekwe Premium Times
11 Robert Egbe, The Nation
12 Oladimeji Ramon of the Punch
13 Shola Lawal of New York Times
14 Olumide Macauley, Channels
15 Adebayo Folorunsho-Francis of healthwise.punchng.
16 Lara Adejoro of healthwise.punchng
17 Tolulope Ayeni Lailas news.com
19 Don Lam of Illuminate our world.
20 Jerrywright Ukwu, of Legit.
21 Fikayo Olowolagba of Daily Post
22 Ifreke Inyang of Daily Post
23 Tolulope Ayeni of Lailas News.com
24 Morgan Winsor of ABC News
25 Ivan Angelovski of Balkan Insight
26 Sasa Dragojlo of Balkan Insight
27 Bukola Samuel-Wemimo of TVC
EIGHT BROAD ACCOUNTS ABOUT ABOUT LEKKI:3
THE WITNESSES
WITNESSES
1 DJSWITCH
2 Prof. Tosan Blessing
3 Damilola Banjo of BBC
4 Ephraim's evidence to BBC
5 Ray: In Premium Times account
6 Agboola Kapko, "a fisherman who lives in the community, explained how he rescued some protesters who ran into the lagoon" from the account of Premium Times
7 Raymond Simon, from the account of Premium Times
8 Sarah interviewed by Bukola Samuel Wemimo of TVC
EIGHT BROAD ACCOUNTS ABOUT ABOUT LEKKI:4 WITNESS AND VICTIM
1 Nicholas Okpe "at the Emergency Unit of Grandville Hospital in Ajah", from the account of Premium Times
2 Divine Bassey from the account of Premium Times
3 Patrick Ukala: from the account of Premium Times
Premium Times link
The Nation on victims of Lekki
The 20 others are: RFK(Male), Lekan Williams (M), Felix Nandip (M), Adams Moses, Akindele Damilola(M), Samuel Iordyom (Male), Emmanuel John (M), Isaac Amede (M), Charles Uzoma (M), Raymond Simon Abah (M), Samuel Anthony (M), Andrew Ugochukwu (M), Bobby Maduka (M), Moses Oyi (M), Emmanuel George (M), Nelson Andrew (M), Sheriff Akande (M), Chigozie Chukwujeku (M), Shoba Muhammed (M) and Damilola Adedayo (M).
EIGHT BROAD ACCOUNTS ABOUT ABOUT LEKKI:5
NAMED INFORMANTS
1 Sodiq Adeoye, an employee of research firm SBM Intelligence made Information available to Premium Times
2 Deji Ashiru involved in Premium Times report
EIGHT BROAD ACCOUNTS ABOUT ABOUT LEKKI:6
IDENTIFIED SECURITY MEN CONNECTED WITH THE SHOOTING
1 Raji Ganiyu, "a chief superintendent of the police, and the Divisional Police Officer of the nearby Maroko Division" From the account of Premium Times
2 Lt.Colonel Bello, 65 Battalion Bonny Camp
thegeniusmedia.com (TgMedia), on October 21, 2020, wrote under the headline:
"I Didn’t Order #LekkiMassacre Shoot-out But Lt Col….Brigadier Omata"
Provided these details:
"According to Lailas News Omata stated that he was only on the scene to ‘pull back the soldiers’. He also named the officer responsible; one Lt Col S. O. Bello of the 65 Battalion Bonny camp."
3 Brigadier Omata
Tolulope Ayeni of Lailas News.com in their October 21, 2020 account, wrote under the headline:
"Who is Brig. Gen. Francis Omata?"
….. the following details:
Taking to social media, many Nigerian claimed that Brig. Gen. Francis Omata, was the officer who led soldiers to the Toll Gate, killing some unarmed protesters and injuring 28 people, two critically.
DJ Switch who captured the shootings on an Instagram live video mentioned Brigadier-General Francis O. Omata as the presiding officer who gave the shooting order."
EIGHT BROAD ACCOUNTS ABOUT ABOUT LEKKI:7
INTERESTED PARTIES
1 PRESIDENT MOHAMMUDU BUHARI, President and Commander-in-Chief of the Armed Forces of the Federal Republic of Nigeria.
2 GOVERNOR BABAJIDE SANWO-OLU, Executive Governor, Lagos State
3 UN SECRETARY GENERAL ANTONIO GUTERRES
4 JOSEP BORRELL, European Union's foreign policy chief
By the EVIDENCE of DEUTSCHE WELLE (DW)
5 MICHELLE BACHELET
United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights (on the honour of the Individual's integrity)
6 JOE BIDEN'S PRESS RELEASE ON LEKKI
The account of Nairametrics
“I urge President Buhari and the Nigerian military to cease the violent crackdown on protesters in Nigeria, which has already resulted in several deaths. My heart goes out to all those who have lost a loved one in the violence. The United States must stand with Nigerians who are peacefully demonstrating for police reform and seeking an end to corruption in their democracy. I encourage the government to engage in a good-faith dialogue with civil society to address these long-standing grievances and work together for a more just and inclusive Nigeria.” Joe Biden"
-The updated: october 23, 2020 account of Suyin Haynes of Time.com
"On Tuesday following the events at Lekki, U.S. presidential candidate Joe Biden urged Nigerian authorities to cease the “violent crackdown on protesters” and former presidential candidate Hillary Clinton tweeted calling on Nigeria’s president Muhammadu Buhari to “stop killing young #EndSARS protesters.”
-The October 21, 2020 account of Jude Egbas Pulse Nigeria, titled:
"Joe Biden calls on President Buhari to stop the crackdown on peaceful protesters"
7 THE 81 DONS
Jesusegun Alagbe in an account dated November 15, 2020, titled
"Lekki shooting: 81 dons write Biden, seek travel ban for culpable officials"
8 ABUBAKAR MALAMI, Nigeria's justice minister Attorney General.
9 MING YU HAH, of Amnesty International (Deputy Regional Director for Campaigns)
10 PROFESSOR ADETOKUNBO FABAMWO, Chief Medical Director of LASUTH.
11 HON JUSTICE M. A. DADA (Mrs.) Chief Coroner of Lagos State,
12 WERIGBELEGHA ZINAKA "is a lawyer, he is of the Rivers State University of Science and Technology, Nkpolu Port Harcourt."
13 ABAYOMI OMOMUWA, MD LCC
14 MORGAN WINSOR'S account (in ABC) on T. ULRICH BRECHBUHL, of U.S. Department of State counselor
EIGHT BROAD ACCOUNTS ABOUT ABOUT LEKKI:8
RELATED MEDIA AND DOCUMENTED ACCOUNTS….details in Part 5
1 Major General M. C. Alli Nigeria's 12, Chief of Army Staff, from his book:
""THE FEDERAL REPUBLIC OF THE NIGERIAN ARMY THE SIEGE OF A NATION"
2 Karl Maier on page 106 of his Penguin book published in the year 2000, he titled:
"THIS HOUSE HAS FALLEN NIGERIA IN CRISIS"
3 John Owen Nwachukwu Newspaper article
4 New York Times with respect to protest coverage citing the experience of
5 Derek M. Norman New York Times
6 Zolan Kanno-Youngs, The Homeland Security correspondent of New York Times.
7 Samson Toromade's February 18, 2018 account titled:
"On this day in 1977, 1000 "unknown soldiers" burned Fela's Kalakuta"
8 BBC's December 23 2015 account titled:
"Mass graves for '300 Shia Nigerians' in Zaria"
9 American Press Institute
10 Ibrahim Mantu in an interview with Maope-Ogun-Yusuf of Channels
11 Junaid Mohammed on Atiku Abubakar
Those not documented here, will appear in part 5
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